«Mushrooms are often considered the vermin of the vegetable world, likened to snakes, slugs, and worms. Some are regarded as mystical and others as delicacies. The location of tasty morels is passed from generation to generation, closely guarded from...» Summary abstract
«The process of aging produces important physiologic changes in the central nervous system, including neuroanatomic, neurotransmitter, and neurophysiologic changes. These processes result in age-related symptoms and manifestations for many older...» Summary abstract
«The phylum Arthropoda contains about four fifths of the known animals of the world, and insects are the largest group of arthropods. Insects are an important part of the biota of all terrestrial and freshwater environments that support life; only in...» Summary abstract
«North America is unique in that it is home not only to venomous snakes, but also to the world's only known venomous lizards. Fortunately, bites by venomous reptiles in North America are relatively uncommon, although precise statistics are not...» Summary abstract
«Scorpion envenomation can result in distinct clinical syndromes. Most scorpion species' stings cause only local pain and inflammation that respond well to minimal supportive therapy and wound care. These scorpions pose no significant management...» Summary abstract
«Medical writers have recently turned to the opening line of Charles Dickens's A Tale of Two Cities to describe these prevailing times in medicine and obstetrics as "the best of times. . . the worst of times. . ." (Grumbach, 1999; Morrison, 2000)....» Summary abstract
«Healthier mothers and babies ranks as one of the 10 great public health achievements in the United States between 1900 and 1999. At the beginning of the century, almost 1 in every 100 women giving birth in this country died of pregnancy-related...» Summary abstract
«Over the centuries, numerous scientists have devoted their lives to curing the ailments that have plagued mankind. While some diseases (such as polio) have been heroically defeated, others still kill millions of people every year. HIV/AIDS, Ebola,...» Summary abstract
«Insects of the order Diptera are characterized by one pair of wings. The second pair is usually modified to form a pair of drumsticklike structures known as halteres. A typical life cycle consists of eggs, limbless larvae, pupae, and winged adults,...» Summary abstract
«Insects of the order Lepidoptera typically cause human envenomation, but effects generally are less serious than with hymenopterans. Injury usually follows contact with caterpillars, occurring less frequently with the cocoon or adult stage. The...» Summary abstract
«By far the most important venomous insects are members of the order Hymenoptera, including bees, wasps, and ants. They vary in size from minute to large (up to 60 mm in body length). The abdomen and thorax are connected by a slender pedicle that may...» Summary abstract
«Lice are small wingless insects that are ectoparasites of mammals. They are mostly host specific, and two species are human parasites: Pthirus pubis (pubic louse) and Pediculus humanus, with two varieties, P. h. capitis (head louse) and P. h....» Summary abstract
«Mites make up the largest group in the class Arachnida. Most are small arthropods, and many are barely visible. Mites have two body regions, a small cephalothorax and a larger, unsegmented abdomen. The cephalothorax and abdomen are broadly joined,...» Summary abstract
«Common: Eastern White Pine
Scientific: Pinus strobus
Derivation of name: Latin name for pine from Greek "pitus" / incense-bearing or a gum-yielding tree (pitchy) or [sic] Greek "strobus" (cone) [1]
Also known as: white pine, northern white...» Summary abstract
«Chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze chemicals. It was initially discovered in the early 1900's by chemist Mikhail Tsvett who was researching chlorophyll to separate plant pigments.1 The components undergoing separation are...» Summary abstract
«Endometrium/decidua is the anatomical site of blastocyst apposition, implantation, and placental development. The endometrium is the mucosal lining of the uterine cavity and the decidua is the highly modified and specialized endometrium of...» Summary abstract
«The past several decades have witnessed a veritable explosion of knowledge about the central nervous system (CNS), and in no area has this been as impressive as in peptide neurobiology. Numerous peptide neurotransmitter candidates have been...» Summary abstract
«Neuropeptide receptors have undergone the same process of discovery and characterization that receptors for other neurotransmitters have enjoyed. The process begins with the pharmacological characterization of the receptor's physicochemical binding...» Summary abstract
«Resting Membrane Potential In nerve cells, potassium ions (K+) are at higher concentration inside the membrane than outside whereas the opposite is true for sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl-) ions (Fig. 1.9-1). The bulk solutions on...» Summary abstract
«In its simplest form, the postsynaptic response to neurotransmitter release can be mediated by a single protein complex. For example, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are self-contained stimulus-response modules that both detect a stimulus,...» Summary abstract
«Classes of Neurotransmitters Much of the information transfer between neurons in the CNS occurs via chemical synapses. These synapses use a variety of messengers (neurotransmitters) that are released in a Ca2+-dependent fashion from presynaptic...» Summary abstract
«Structure and Function of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels Voltage-gated ion channels allow the flow of ions in response to changes in membrane voltage and are key elements in neuronal excitation and inhibition. Although ion channels can usually pass more...» Summary abstract
«Prior to delineating the organization of specific intraneuronal signaling pathways, it is important to consider, in general terms, their role in helping neurons interpret and respond to the barrage of afferent stimulation impinging on them...» Summary abstract
«Delirium, a clinical syndrome characterized as an acute disorder of attention and cognitive function, is the most frequent complication of hospitalization for elders and a potentially devastating problem. Delirium often is unrecognized despite...» Summary abstract
«Menstruation is the periodic discharge of blood, mucus, and cellular debris from the uterine mucosa. Menses occur at more or less regular, cyclical, and predictable intervals from menarche to menopause except during pregnancy, lactation,...» Summary abstract
«A variety of maladies, sometimes disabling, beset many ovulatory women in a recurrent manner during the luteal phase of each ovarian cycle. Although the biological basis for this association is not defined, evidence points to a causal relationship...» Summary abstract
«This tissue is the specialized, highly modified endometrium of pregnancy. The transformation of secretory endometrium to decidua is dependent upon the action of estrogen and progesterone and other stimuli provided by the implanting blastocyst (or...» Summary abstract
«The extravillous and villous trophoblasts are the embryonic-fetal tissues of the anatomical interface of the placental arm; the avascular fetal membranes-the amnion and chorion laeve-are the fetal tissues of the anatomical interface of the paracrine...» Summary abstract
«Over the last half century, many attempts to explain the survival of the semiallogenic fetal graft have been proposed. One of the earliest explanations was based on the theory of antigenic immaturity of the embryo-fetus. This was disproved by...» Summary abstract
«In a description of the earliest stages of the human blastocyst, the wall of the primitive blastodermic vesicle was characterized as consisting of a single layer of ectoderm. As early as 72 hours after ovum fertilization, the 58-cell blastula had...» Summary abstract
«From the electron microscopic studies of Wislocki and Dempsey (1955), data were provided that permitted a functional interpretation of the fine structure of the placenta. There are prominent microvilli on the syncytial surface, corresponding to the...» Summary abstract
«Because the placenta functionally represents a rather intimate association of the fetal capillary bed to maternal blood, its gross anatomy primarily concerns vascular relations. The fetal surface of the placenta is covered by the transparent amnion...» Summary abstract
«The amnion at term is a tough and tenacious but pliable membrane. It is the innermost fetal membrane and is contiguous with the aminonic fluid. This particular avascular structure occupies a role of incredible importance in human pregnancy. In many...» Summary abstract
«The pelvic bones are the sacrum (the termination of the axial skeleton) and the two innominate bones. The latter are formed by the fusion of the iliac, ischial, and pubic ossification centers at the acetabulum. The ischium and pubis also meet below,...» Summary abstract
«Surgical Anatomy of the Retroperitoneum, Kidneys, and Ureters; only the pelvic courses of its nerves are reviewed here. The iliohypogastric nerve (L1) travels between, and supplies, the internal oblique and the transversus muscles and pierces the...» Summary abstract
«At the bifurcation of the aorta, the middle sacral artery arises posteriorly and travels on the pelvic surface of the sacrum to supply branches to the sacral foramina and the rectum. The common iliac arteries arise at the level of the fourth lumbar...» Summary abstract
«As a first approximation, genes can be defined as stretches of DNA that encode a single protein or a single functional RNA, such as an rRNA or tRNA. There are exceptions to this rule because there are mechanisms, such as alternative splicing of the...» Summary abstract
«The purpose of this investigation was to collect information that allowed the formulation of a hypothesis as to the land-use history of the Hedgehog Mountain preserve, and to correlate empirical observations with a limited literature review in an...» Summary abstract
«The term pit viper comes from the presence of paired, highly sensitive, thermoreceptor organs (pits) present on the forward portion of these snakes' heads. These structures, also known as foveal organs, serve the snake in locating prey, aiming...» Summary abstract
«The two venomous lizards of the world are impressive creatures about which much misinformation has been spread for centuries. They have been thought to possess supernatural features such as poisonous breath, a stinging tail and the ability to spit...» Summary abstract
«Genetic mutations are not uncommon. They can happen for a variety of reasons and have a variety of effects. Those with negative effects are weeded out by natural selection, and those with positive effects prevail and are accumulated due to natural...» Summary abstract
«When Albert Hofmann created LSD 25 during experimentation in his laboratory, he had no idea what was to become of it, or what kind of an impact it would have. "Dr. Humphry Osmond invented the term 'psychodelic', which was later amended to...» Summary abstract
«The word "stranger" carries negative connotations in society, especially when associated with the Internet. Parents are lectured by authorities to monitor their children's use of chat rooms. E-mail filters remove millions of unwanted and sometimes...» Summary abstract
«From the age of twelve and older nearly 40% of our country, about 98 million Americans, has used Cannabis sativa for its psychological and physiological effects in much the same way as it has been throughout recorded history (AMA Council). This...» Summary abstract
«In this study the Brassica Rapa will be tested to see if salt water effects it's growth. Data will be
taken from four different types of groups: distilled water; 0.25% of sodium chloride; 1.00% of sodium
chloride; and 4.00% of sodium chloride....» Summary abstract
«Finding the effects of salt on germination and growth of plants took twenty-two days of
research. Each collection day the height, height of the leaf, color, height of the node, number of buds,
and the number of the flowers were taken into account....» Summary abstract
«This report examined the effects of road salt in relation to growth and germination in the
Brassica rapa, a common turnup flower. The initial questions considered if the salt would actually
affect the growth. There were four groups of plants which...» Summary abstract
«Karl E. Weick is one of the most influential people when it comes to organizational strategy and information systems. He was born on October 31, 1936 in Warsaw, Ind. and has served as a theorist and information specialist for many years, most...» Summary abstract
«From the beginning of the ideas presented by Charles Darwin in The Origin of Species, and their gaining support from the scientific community, the theory of evolution was been met with opposition. A great deal of this opposition came from religious...» Summary abstract
«Society is no stranger to technology - it has been adapting it and advancing it for decades. Technology has completely revolutionized the way we interact each other as well as ourselves. Due to this complete integration, there has been an addiction...» Summary abstract
«The human body is composed of 50-80% water. Blood and muscles contain significant amounts, and approximately 95% of the brain is water. All body systems and organs need water to function properly, and will shut down without it. Most of the chemical...» Summary abstract
«Individuals living in today's modern world have differing opinions concerning the so-called advantages of new technology that is available to us. Some are pro- innovation and believe that it has had a positive effect on our lives, while others...» Summary abstract
«As Becky waits for the bus on a chilly Thursday night she paces back and forth in anticipation. Stressing over why the bus is taking so long, she feels a pang of hunger in her stomach and realizing that she hasn't got anything at home to eat, she...» Summary abstract
«Pressure sores are painful and debilitating tissue wounds which commonly affect wheelchair users. Current treatment of pressure sores requires bed-rest for up to sixteen weeks, which is unacceptable for patients with active life-styles. The purpose...» Summary abstract
«The goal of this paper is to evaluate the significance of the co-morbidity of nicotine abuse in adolescents afflicted with ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Due to the nature of the disorder and its possible underlying pathophysiology...» Summary abstract
«Radiographic examination is the key to the diagnosis of many skeletal abnormalities. It is essential that each bone be examined in its entirety, including the cortex, medullary canal (cancellous bone or spongiosa), and articular ends. The position...» Summary abstract
«Percocet is a well known pain killer used to treat pain for moderate to severe sufferers of a wide variety of ailments. Percocet, or similarly composed products containing narcotics, are prescribed by doctors quite often for various forms of serious...» Summary abstract
«Phones have been integral to the evolution of communications and can be considered to have been the most prominent icon of interpersonal interactions over long distances. From the moment Alexander Graham Bell say those famous words to Thomas Watson...» Summary abstract
«Between July 26 and August 3, 2002, research was conducted by Prof. William Aylward of the UW-Madison Classics Department, Dr. Jim Compton Tucker of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Research Center, and Jamon Van Den Hoek in partnership with the Troia...» Summary abstract
«Archaeology has traditionally been defined relative to anthropology as "anthropology of the past" but an alternative viewpoint defines archaeology as "geography of the past." As with other geographically-based fields, archaeological research...» Summary abstract
«In humans, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) controls the body's circadian rhythms. Each day, sighted people have the opportunity to reset their internal clock based on the amount of ambient light entering their retinas. The retina contains a subset...» Summary abstract
«The objective of this experiment is to determine the total concentration of metal ions required to completely react with EDTA, or ethylene diamine tetra-acetate. The concentration determined will then be taken as the equivalent concentration of...» Summary abstract
«The Giant Panda, scientifically known as the Ailurodopa melanoleuca, is considered an endangered species found in a few mountain ranges in central China, Sichuan, Shannxi, and the Gansu Provinces, according to the Smithsonian National Zoological...» Summary abstract
«In today's environment of advanced medical practices and practitioners, it still amazes me that some doctor's are so set in their ways that they are not willing to try alternative therapies for more debilitating conditions. When scientists can clone...» Summary abstract
«With injuries happening daily it is no wonder that the medical field is constantly growing and evolving. This field has actively changed since its early incarnation during the Roman Era in which medicine was based on theory not science (Greig 41)....» Summary abstract
«Clinical manifestations resembling allergic hypersensitivity can also occur in the absence of an immunologic mechanism. Specific examples include nonallergic (intrinsic) asthma, which is triggered by the effect of inhaled dusts and fumes, weather...» Summary abstract
«Development of T & B Lymphocytes
Thymus-derived cells (T lymphocytes) mediate cellular immune responses; bone marrow-derived cells (B lymphocytes) are involved in humoral immunity. Both T and B lymphocytes are derived from precursor or stem cells...» Summary abstract
«Half of all cardiac deaths are sudden, accounting for approximately 300,000 deaths per year in the United States. SCD is death due to instantaneous, unanticipated circulatory collapse within 1 hour of initial symptoms and is often, but not always,...» Summary abstract
«Climate change is now widely recognised as a long term threat. It is thought that the climate is being changed by the increasing emissions of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, arising from human activities.
Useful reductions in CO2 emissions can be...» Summary abstract
«The battle for control of public airwaves is nothing new. Following in the steps of radio and cellular telephones, wireless Internet - or wireless fidelity, known and trademarked as WiFi - is becoming the next major wireless permanent...» Summary abstract
«This diet is for people with renal diseases. This is when the function of the kidney tissue is diminished. The diet allows 70g of protein, 2000mg Sodium, 1500mg Potassium and 2000 or more calories per day. Protein has to be within ½ g, sodium within...» Summary abstract
«The turn of the new century has brought outstanding leaps in the realm of technology. The rapid progression of technological development has changed the way our society operates. Moreover, the influence of technology has taken over our lives as a...» Summary abstract
«For many women, a menstrual cycle is an inextricable part of being a woman. From the onset of menarche, through childbirth, and into menopause, a woman's feminine nature is defined by menstruation, a uniquely female experience. In the twenty-first...» Summary abstract
«Sepsis is described as a syndrome which is characterized by a general, systemic inflammation as a reaction of the body to infection or systemic inflammatory response syndrome, that is, cases where sepsis was also be observed to develop even in the...» Summary abstract
«Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive illness of the central nervous system that damages the brain and the spinal cord. It may take different forms but all disrupt nerve function causing symptoms ranging from mild numbness and walking...» Summary abstract
«Child and maternal health have become significant issues for public health officials. Although infant mortality in the United States is currently at an all-time low, this is not the case in many developed and underdeveloped nations. For this reason,...» Summary abstract
«In recent years, cholesterol has become a topic of paramount concern for public health. Research on cholesterol has shown that increased levels of this compound in the bloodstream can increase an individual's risk for the development of a host of...» Summary abstract